The occupation of the hairdresser belongs to the group of professions that includes significant risks that most often lead to skin diseases. The annual incidence of occupational skin diseases of the hairdressers is several times higher than in other high-risk occupations. Two years is the average period from the onset of adverse exposure to the onset of first symptoms [1]. In the European Risk Observatory Report from 2009, occupational skin diseases were presented as an urgent issue with particular reference to the risky hairdressers occupation [2]. The most common cause of occupational skin diseases are chemicals used at work that have irritant (irritant) or allergic (sensitizing) properties. Prolonged skin exposure to such chemicals can cause skin damage that is recognized and qualified as an occupational skin disease. The paper addresses the problem of the development of occupational skin disease in hairdressers, their mechanisms of formation and ways of prevention. Divided into theoretical and practical parts, each of them is conceptualized into several units. The first part of the paper describes the theoretical assumptions regarding the concept of occupational skin diseases, their causes and ways of prevention. The second part of the final paper presents the results of the analysis of the questionnaire completed by hairdressers with many years of experience, salon owners and students in the final grades of hairdressing schools. The aim was to obtain information on how and in what way the occupational safety is perfomed in salons, and if hairdressers are aware of the risks of their work, how the risk assessment is performed in salons and what problems hairdressers face when it comes to the implementation of the occupational safety measure.