| Abstract | Rad se bavi najraširenijim oblikom trgovačkog društva u Republici Hrvatskoj, društvom s ograničenom odgovornošću (d.o.o.) te načinima i uvjetima pod kojim d.o.o. može pribaviti financijski kapital za poslovanje. U početku rad objašnjava ustroj d.o.o.-a i odgovornost za obveze društva, zatim ugovor o kreditu kao pravni posao kojim d.o.o.može dobiti kredit u banci, te koje sve odgovornosti i promjene u odgovornosti, odnosno proširenja odgovornosti za obveze društva s ograničenom odgovornošću, proizlaze iz tog ugovora. Pobliže se objašnjava stavka ugovora o kreditu kojom banka osigurava naplatu tražbine u slučaju neplaćanja kredita, a radi se o instrumentima osiguranja, odnosno sredstvima pojačanja ugovora. Objašnjava se svaki instrument osiguranja pojedinačno, koje instrumente banke koriste, njihov učinak u slučaju neplaćanja kredita i mogućnost banke da prisilnom naplatom uz pravnu osobu, u ovome slučaju društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću, zahvati i fizičku osobu, odnosno vlasnika društva koji se određenim instrumentima osiguranja ugovorno obvezao na podmirenje tražbine u slučaju da društvo ne ispunjava i nije u stanju ispunjavati svoje obveze otplate kredita. Time dolazi do proširenja odgovornosti za obveze društva s ograničenom odgovornošću jer prema Zakonu o trgovačkim društvima članovi d.o.o-a ne odgovaraju za obveze društva, a primjenom sredstava pojačanja ugovora članovi preuzimaju ili sudjeluju u odgovornosti, odnosno obvezuju se isplatiti nedospjelu tražbinu. Radi se o razlikovanju odgovornosti odgovorne osobe i osnivača prema Zakonu o trgovačkim društvima (NN 111/93, 34/99, 121/99, 52/00, 118/03, 107/07, 146/08, 137/09, 125/11, 152/11, 111/12, 68/13, 110/15, 40/19 na snazi od 20.04.2019)i odgovornosti putem obveznopravnog odnosa nastale temeljem Zakona o obveznim odnosima (NN 35/05, 41/08, 125/11, 78/15, 29/18 na snazi od 05.04.2018.)kao posljedice nekog sredstva osiguranja kredita. |
| Abstract (english) | This Thesis disusses terms and conditions under which a Proprietary Limited Company (Pty Ltd) canobtain funds needed for financing of its business operation, with an emphasis on loanagreement security instruments (the collateral) and the extension of responsabilities for Pty Ltd's obligations from the said loan agreement. The Thesis begins with an explanation of the structure of this most common type of a corporate entity in Republic of Croatia, describes responsabilities for Pty Ltd's legal obligations and defines and gives an example of a loan agreement, a type of a legal contract used to obtain funds from a lendor. The Thesis elaborates on loan clauses that enable bank to recover their loan receivables in a situation of a loan default, in particular, loan agreement security instruments. The Thesis describes each individual loan agreement security instrument and their impact, in a situation of a loan default, on bank's ability to recover its loan receivables not only from Pty Ltd's assets, but also from the assets of Pty Ltd's owners (members) when Pty Ltd has no ability to repay its loans. While Croatian Corporation Law stipulates that members of Pty Ltd do not have legal responsability for Pty Lty's legal obligationt, loan agreement security instruments enable extension of legal responsability for Pty Ltd's obligations to the Pty Ltd's members as, depending of the type of the loan agreement security instrument, Pty Ltd's members take over or participate in Pty Ltd's loan agreement obligations. As such, use of loan agreement security instrument causes differentiation in legal obligation of Responsible Person and a Pty Ltd's member (founder) per Croatian Corporation Law (NN 111/93, 34/99, 121/99, 52/00, 118/03, 107/07, 146/08, 137/09, 125/11, 152/11, 111/12, 68/13, 110/15, 40/19)and per Civil Obligation Act (NN 35/05, 41/08, 125/11, 78/15, 29/18). |
