Abstract | U poslovnom okruženju svakodnevno se pojavljuje pojmom zaliha. Zalihe se definiraju kao materijali koji se koriste u poslovanju, uključujući sirovine, poluproizvode i gotove proizvode. Upravljanje zalihama ključan je logistički zadatak svake tvrtke. Važno je održavati određeni dio zaliha kao rezervu kako bi se izbjegli zastoji u proizvodnji i isporuci. Menadžeri se suočavaju s problemima poput nepredvidivosti potražnje, dugih vremena isporuke i nepouzdanih dobavnih procesa. Zalihe se mogu klasificirati prema vrsti robe i stvarnoj ili planiranoj količini. Prema vrsti robe, zalihe se dijele na sirovine i materijale, dijelove i poluproizvode te gotove proizvode. Prema planiranoj količini, zalihe se dijele na minimalne, maksimalne, optimalne, prosječne, sigurnosne, špekulativne, sezonske, prekonormne, nedostatne i nekurentne. Zatim su u radu prikazane metode upravljanja zalihama, a to su: ABC analiza, XYZ analiza i unakrsna ABC i XYZ analiza. Održavanje optimalnih razina zaliha u poduzeću je vrlo važno za nesmetano poslovanje, a u tome ključnu ulogu ima informacijski sustav. U praktičnom dijelu rada je prikazana važnost zaliha za poduzeće, vrste zaliha i načini držanja zaliha na primjeru restorana brze prehrane. Uloga informacijskog sustava u svakodnevnom vođenju razina zaliha i njihovo popunjavanje. |
Abstract (english) | In a business environment, we encounter the concept of inventory daily. Inventory is defined as materials used in business operations, including raw materials, semi- finished products, and finished goods. Inventory management is a crucial logistical task for every company. It is important to maintain a certain level of inventory as a reserve to avoid disruptions in production and delivery. Managers face problems such as unpredictable demand, long delivery times, and unreliable supply processes. Inventory can be classified according to the type of goods and actual or planned quantity. By type of goods, inventory is divided into raw materials and supplies, parts and semi-finished products, and finished products. By planned quantity, inventory is divided into minimum, maximum, optimal, average, safety, speculative, seasonal, excessive, deficient, and obsolete. The paper then presents inventory management methods, which include: ABC analysis, XYZ analysis, and cross ABC and XYZ analysis. Maintaining optimal inventory levels in a company is very important for smooth operations, and the information system plays a key role in this. The practical part of the paper demonstrates the importance of inventory for a company, types of inventory, and ways of maintaining inventory using the example of a fast-food restaurant. The role of the information system in the daily management of inventory levels and their replenishment is highlighted. |