| Abstract | Ozljede su oštećenja koja na tijelu nastaju zbog djelovanja vanjske sile, stranih tvari, zračenja ili bioloških uzroka. Mogu uzrokovati lake ili beznačajne poremećaje, teška oštećenja organa i smrt, a praćene su i s mentalnim - akutnim i/ili kroničnim – promjenama različitog intenziteta. Poseban problem u svakom društvu su ozljede na radu jer su osim pratećih tjelesnih i duševnih oštećenja i patnji praćene troškovima zajednice i poslodavca, osobnim i obiteljskim troškovima zbog liječenja, socijalnim i drugim problemima. Cilj ovog rada je analiza težina i vrsta ozljeda na radu u Republici Hrvatskoj od 2014. do 2023. godine. Učinjena je retrospektivna analiza prospektivne baze podataka Hrvatskog zavoda za zdravstveno osiguranje (HZZO) u razdoblju od 2014. do 2023. god. Bazu podataka HZZO čine prijave ozljeda na radu koje su dostavljene HZZO-u zbog ostvarivanja prava koja su utvrđena Zakonom o obveznom zdravstvenom osiguranju. Analizirane su sve prijavljene ozljeda na radu bez obzira da li ih je povjerenstvo HZZO-a priznalo ili nije priznalo. Ozljede na radu su definirane prema našem Zakonu o obveznom zdravstvenom osiguranju. Analizirani su slijedeći podaci u razdoblju od 2014. do 2023. godine (sukladno ESAW metodologiji): broj prijavljenih ozljeda na radu, broj prijavljenih ozljeda na radu prema dobnim skupinama radnika, broj prijavljenih ozljeda prema težini ozljeda, broj prijavljenih ozljeda na mjestu rada, broj prijavljenih ozljede prema ozlijeđenom dijelu tijela, broj prijavljenih ozljeda na mjestu rada prema vrsti ozljede. Ukupan broj ozljeda na radu rastao je u periodu od 2014. do 2018. godine. Broj se je počeo smanjivati 2019. i 2020. godine, a onda u periodu od 2021. do 2023. ponovo raste. Najveći ukupan broj prijavljenih ozljeda zabilježen je 2018. (18724), a najmanji 2014. godine (13929). U navedenom razdoblju zabilježeno su 119.434 ozljede na radu: lakih 87,49%, teških 11,45%, skupnih 0,14% i sa smrtnim ishodom 0,21%. Najveći broj se je desio na mjestu rada (115.859), znatno manje na povremenom ili pokretno mjesto rada ili putovanje po nalogu poslodavca (16.002). Najčešće su bile ozljede (ukupan broj od 2014. do 2023.) gornjih okrajina (52.169), donjih (41.681), glave (13.435), vrata, leđa i kralježnice (8.748), ozljede cijelog tijela višestruko (7.321), trupa i organa (4.693). Najveći broj ozljeda su rane i površinske ozljede (48.863), iščašenja, uganuća i nategnuća (34.723), prijelomi kostiju (20.269), stanje šoka (3.607), potres mozga i unutarnje ozljede (3.308) i višestruke ozljede (3.252). Uspoređivanjem podataka s drugim zemljama (primarno EU) zapažamo sličnosti nekih podataka, ali i razlike. Drugim istraživanjima bilo bi potrebno utvrditi uzroke koji su uvjetovali razlike u broju ozlijeđenih nizom čimbenika (vrsta djelatnosti, zaštita na radu, edukacija, ekonomsko i socijalno stanje, bilježenje podataka o ozlijeđenim osobama, uloga pravosudnog sustava i drugo). Pandemija bolesti COVID-19 imala je značajan utjecaj na gospodarstvo svih zemalja, a time i ozljede na radu. |
| Abstract (english) | Injuries are damage to the body caused by external forces, foreign substances, radiation or biological causes. They can cause mild or insignificant disorders, severe organ damage and death, and are accompanied by mental changes of varying intensity, which may be acute and/or chronic. Occupational injuries are a special problem in every society because, in addition to accompanying physical and mental damage and suffering, they also generate costs for the community and the employer, as well as personal and family costs due to treatment and social or other problems. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the severity and types of occupational injuries in the Republic of Croatia from 2014 to 2023. A retrospective analysis of the prospective database of the Croatian Health Insurance Fund (HZZO) was conducted in the period from 2014 to 2023. The HZZO database consists of reports of occupational injuries submitted to the HZZO in order to exercise the rights established by the Mandatory Health Insurance Act. All reported occupational injuries were analyzed, regardless of whether the HZZO committee had recognized them or not. Occupational injuries are defined according to the Croatian Mandatory Health Insurance Act. The following data was analyzed in the period from 2014 to 2023 (in accordance with the ESAW methodology): number of reported occupational injuries, number of reported occupational injuries by age group of workers, number of reported occupational injuries by severity of injuries, number of reported injuries in the workplace, number of reported occupational injuries by injured body parts, number of reported occupational injuries by type of injury. The total number of occupational injuries grew in the period from 2014 to 2018. The number began to decrease in 2019 and 2020, and then in the period from 2021 to 2023, it increases again. The highest total number of reported injuries was recorded in 2018 (18,724), and the lowest in 2014 (13,929). In the aforementioned period, 119,434 occupational injuries were recorded: 87.49% minor, 11.45% serious, 0.14% collective and 0.21% fatal. The highest number of injuries occurred in the workplace (115,859), significantly fewer at a temporary or mobile workplace, or during travel at the employer's request (16,002). The most common injuries (total number from 2014 to 2023) were injuries to the upper extremities (52,169), lower extremities (41,681), head (13,435), neck, back and spine (8,748), multiple injuries to the whole body (7,321), trunk and organs (4,693). The largest number of injuries are wounds and superficial injuries (48,863), dislocations, sprains and strains (34,723), bone fractures (20,269), shock (3,607), concussion and internal injuries (3,308) and multiple injuries (3,252). Comparing data with other countries (primarily the EU), we note similarities in some data, as well as differences. Further research would be necessary to determine the causes underlying the differences in the number of injured by a variety of factors (type of activity, occupational safety, education, economic and social situation, recording data on injured persons, the role of the judicial system, etc.). The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the economy of all countries, and thus on occupational work as well. |
