Air traffic is constantly increasing in the number of operations, ie the number of transported passengers and the amount of cargo. The reason for this lies in the fact that the duration of air travel is significantly reduced compared to other modes of transport and which, statistically speaking, air transport is the safest compared to other branches of transport. One of the factors of air traffic safety is certainly the regulations, requirements and procedures that are implemented for safety purposes. Fire protection includes a set of activities aimed at reducing the risk of fire, and fast and quality firefighting if it occurs. In doing so, it is necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the fire detection and alarm system, and the fire extinguishing system. It is necessary to define all actions to be taken in the event of a fire. This paper will address international and national regulations and requirements that must be met by aircraft manufacturers and their operators as well as airport operators in terms of fire protection. We will touch on the requirements for early detection and extinguishing systems on aircraft and provide insight into fire protection measures on passenger aircraft.