| Abstract | Razinu ugroženosti sudionika u prometu teško je izraziti stoga što se ne mogu spoznati sve varijable koje izravno i neizravno ugrožavaju sve sudionike u određenoj situaciji. Bez obzira na odgovorno ponašanje pojedinaca tijekom vožnje, često su ti sudionici ugroženi zbog ponašanja i načina vožnje nekog drugog sudionika prometa ili više sile. Materijalni ekvivalent iliti posljedica te ugroze prometne su nesreće na cestama, pa i u tunelima koje mogu imati daleko ozbiljnije posljedice jer u tunelima vladaju posebni uvjeti sigurnosti te ponašanja u slučaju opasnosti. Širina i preglednost prometnica daju vozačima prividnu sigurnost i osjećaj kako se nesreću može izbjeći tehnikom i načinom vožnje, uvjerenje kako uvijek postoji neki prostor sigurnosti koji omogućuje bijeg iz incidentne, jako opasne situacije. Jedna je okolnost u prometu posve drugačija, a to je vožnja tunelom. Malo je vozača koji pri ulasku u tunel ne misle samo na jedno, da što prije iz njega i izađu. Naravno, sve to kod većine vozača, no ima i onih koji olako podcjenjuju vožnju tunelom. Postoji niz realno opasnih situacija i problema koji se vozačima mogu dogoditi u tunelu, a nema se kuda pobjeći i uvijek valja imati na umu da tunel nije obična cesta. Zato i jesu posljedice takvih događanja, ali i ponašanja koja su do njih dovela strašne. Potencijalno su opasni i bezazleni zastoji u tunelima, kvarovi na vozilu, a da se o opasnoj vožnji, sudarima ili požarima u tunelima i ne govori. U svim tim situacijama od vozača se traži izuzetna ozbiljnost, pribranost i propisno reagiranje kako bi se izbjegle neželjene posljedice (nalijetanja vozila iza, u slučaju zastoja ili kvara na vozilu) ili ako je već do tragedije došlo, da se umanje posljedice od kojih su najozbiljnije one uslijed izbijanja požara u tunelu. Uvjeti izgradnje tunela, sustavi ventilacije tijekom izgradnje i prometovanja, postupanja u slučaju nesreća te izbijanja požara u tunelima su posve drugačiji nego li na bilo kojim drugim prometnicama. U Hrvatskoj i u svijetu se izgradnja tunela, kao i prometovanje i sigurnost smatra posebno važnom. |
| Abstract (english) | The level of vulnerability of road users is difficult to express because they can not get to know all the variables that directly and indirectly threaten all participants in a given situation. Regardless of the responsible behavior of individuals while driving, often these parties threatened on account of behavior and ways of driving other traffic participants or force majeure. Material equivalent aka consequences and endanger traffic accidents on the roads, even in tunnels that can have far more serious consequences because the tunnels govern special conditions of safety and conduct in case of emergency. The width and transparency roads give drivers the apparent safety and a sense of how the accident can be avoided technique and driving style, the conviction that there is always some space security that allows an escape from the incident, a very dangerous situation. One circumstance in traffic completely different, and that is driving through a tunnel. There are few drivers who when entering the tunnel do not think only of one thing, that as soon as possible from it and come out. Of course, all this for most drivers, but there are those who easily underestimate driving through the tunnel. There are a number of dangerous situations and real problems that drivers can happen in a tunnel, and there is nowhere left to run and should always be kept in mind that the tunnel is no ordinary road. That's why they are the consequences of such events, but the behaviors that led to them terrible. Potentially dangerous and harmless congestion in tunnels, faults on the vehicle, and that the dangerous driving, crashes or fires in tunnels and does not speak. In all these situations, the driver is required exceptional seriousness, composure and properly react to avoid unintended consequences (the force of the vehicle behind, in case of any problem or malfunction of the vehicle) or if it is already a tragedy occurred, to minimize the effects of which are the most serious one result of a fire in a tunnel. Terms of tunneling, ventilation systems during construction and operation, the procedure in the event of accidents and of a fire in the tunnels are completely different than on any other roads. In the Croatia and in the world, the construction of the tunnel, as well as the circulation and safety is considered especially important. |
