The period of the second half of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century in Dalmatia was marked by the urban and social rise of the former ancient cities in terms of communal arrangement. With the first statutes, the city authorities codified the customary law and regulated the expansion of urban spaces. The statutes prescribed almost all important relations within the commune, government organizations, collegial and individual bodies, economic activities, social strata, the right of persons, real, mandatory, hereditary, maritime, criminal law ... and thus obligations related to fire protection. Therefore, among these first statutory regulations we find the first Croatian written provisions on fire protection. The oldest statutory provisions of the city of Dubrovnik from 1272 and 1309 prescribe the obligation to extinguish fires to their citizens, while the penal provisions from the Statute of Trogir from 1322 are characterized by the most severe penalties for arsonists and precise preventive measures of the most common causes of fires. In addition to these direct, the statutes contained a number of preventive, indirectly related provisions governing the construction and urban space for safety, hygiene, but also fire protection of the city. Despite this, catastrophic fires often broke out in every Dalmatian town, which, as a rule, devastated entire urban suburbs of wooden construction. Medieval cities opposed fire by organizing and equipping their inhabitants to put out fires, prescribing statutory construction measures to prevent fires, and punitive and strict retributive provisions against perpetrators. These medieval statutory regulations are the forerunners of today's fire and criminal law regulations and the foundations for the later organization of the operational fire service. The need to prescribe them was identical to the purpose of passing today's legal regulations, which is to prevent and quickly and effectively extinguish fires. The first Croatian statutory provisions on fire protection of the Dalmatian medieval cities of Dubrovnik and Trogir keep pace with the then European regulations on fire prevention, contain modern elements of today's legal solutions and provide a solid foundation for further normative development of fire protection in Croatia.