This paper describes the possible failures of prevention and investigation of meaningful traces of the production process and cause a fire and / or explosion in the base chemical industry, which are of particular importance, both from the point of view in achieving an acceptable level of safety and protection against fire and explosion in the industry, as well as for work of investigators at the scene, in the event of accidents of this kind. The paper also describes, in detail, the main characteristics of certain hazardous substances that are widely used in the manufacturing process of the base chemical industry, and which may cause harm to human life and health, and on all legally protected elements of the environment. Also, the paper gives a concise overview of all the possible types and causes of fire and explosions and their possible harmful effects and consequences on the base chemical industry. The causes of accidental occurrence of this kind of accident, technical and technological nature, can be extremely numerous, starting with those caused by negligence, carelessness or ignorance, evil acts or terrorist intent, potential impact of natural disasters, or other type of "force majeure". The paper describes urgent measures and actions that should to be taken in case of fire or explosion, or which could, in the future be undertaken, in order to improve the existing system of security and protection from fire and explosion,and to prevent the occurrence, or reduce the number of possible accidents and avoid or at least mitigate their possible consequences of the base chemical industry or any other industry, or as a part of their production systems. The final part of the work processes and analyzes three examples of catastrophic accidents that have occurred in the United States, which may indicate that the prescribed standards of safety and protection from fire or explosion, as well as mandatory emergency measures and actions in the event of fire or explosion, weren’t respected, even in the most industrialized and most respected countries.