This paper describes fire protection in railway transport with an emphasis on preventive measures. By proper construction of railway structures, vehicles and infrastructure, and by proper application and maintenance of these, it greatly prevents the occurrence of fires. The most common cause of fire is human negligence and therefore proper education is very important, especially if human victims can come. In addition to knowing fire protection measures, it is essential to know how to react when a fire occurs. By timely reaction and alert we can reduce spreading fire or completely eliminate it. This paper explains fire-fighting measures and how to handle fire.