This final paper presents the dangers that may arise during the production of ethylene and propylene, as well as ways to prevent potential risks. The emphasis of this paper is the reconstruction of explosions and fires in ethylene and propylene factories. The paper covers the processes of ethylene and propylene production important in the petrochemical industry, a description of the infrastructure of the production plant and examples of accidents that lead to fires and explosions. The paper included an analysis of the management of security processes, key failures and the stated strategy for improving the culture of security and protection. Explosions and fires in the production of ethylene and propylene are examples of hazards arising from failures in safety processes when introducing technological changes, shortcomings in the hazard analysis program of the processes themselves and procedures for performing operational activities. This paper shows the importance of hierarchy of control in assessing and selecting protective measures to control process hazards, a culture of organizational process safety, robust safety process management programs and continuous improvement of safety and health at work.